Results/By-elections Results
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Analysis · interim verdicts

By-elections

382 by-elections on record for Lok Sabha, 1952–2026.

Total by-elections
382
Lok Sabha, all years
Most by-elections
Uttar Pradesh
58 contests
Top winner
Indian National Congress
157 wins
Busiest year
1985
38 by-elections

[01]Recent by-elections

Most recent Lok Sabha by-elections on record
  1. 2023
    JalandharAam Aadmi PartySushil Kumar Rinku · Punjab
  2. 2022
    SangrurShiromani Akali Dal (Amritsar)Simranjit Singh Mann · Punjab
  3. 2022
    AzamgarhBharatiya Janata PartyDinesh Lal Yadav Nirahua · Uttar Pradesh
  4. 2022
    MainpuriSamajwadi PartyDimple Yadav · Uttar Pradesh
  5. 2022
    RampurBharatiya Janata PartyGhanshyam Singh Lodhi · Uttar Pradesh
  6. 2022
    AsansolAll India Trinamool CongressShatrughan Sinha · West Bengal
  7. 2021
    TirupatiYSR Congress PartyMaddila Gurumoorthy · Andhra Pradesh
  8. 2021
    Dadra and Nagar HaveliShiv SenaDelkar Kalaben Mohanbhai · Dadra and Nagar Haveli
  9. 2021
    MandiIndian National CongressPratibha Singh · Himachal Pradesh
  10. 2021
    BelgaumBharatiya Janata PartyAngadi Mangal Suresh · Karnataka
  11. 2021
    MalappuramIndian Union Muslim LeagueAbdussamad Samadani · Kerala
  12. 2021
    KhandwaBharatiya Janata PartyGyaneshwar Patil · Madhya Pradesh
  13. 2021
    KanniyakumariIndian National CongressVijayakumar (Alias) Vijay Vasanth · Tamil Nadu
  14. 2020
    Valmiki NagarJanata Dal (United)Sunil Kumar · Bihar
  15. 2018
    ArariaRashtriya Janata DalSarfaraz Alam · Bihar
  16. 2018
    BelloryHandV.S. Ugrappa · Karnataka
  17. 2018
    MandyaBharatiya Janata PartyL.R, Shivarame Gowda 'E' · Karnataka
  18. 2018
    ShimogaBharatiya Janata PartyB.Y. Raghavendra 'E' · Karnataka
  19. 2018
    Bhandara - GondiyaNationalist Congress PartyKukade Madhukrao Yashwantrao · Maharashtra
  20. 2018
    PalgharBharatiya Janata PartyGavit Rajendra Dhedya E · Maharashtra

[02]By-elections by decade

Number of by-elections held in each decade
1950s 43
1960s 55
1970s 35
1980s 71
1990s 38
2000s 84
2010s 42
2020s 14

[03]States with most by-elections

Top states by number of Lok Sabha by-elections
Uttar Pradesh 58
Punjab 39
West Bengal 32
Bihar 30
Madhya Pradesh 29
Maharashtra 27
Andhra Pradesh 21
Karnataka 20
Assam 19
Rajasthan 14
Tamil Nadu 14
Gujarat 11
Kerala 9
Haryana 8
Odisha 8

[04]Top winning parties

Parties with the most by-election wins
Indian National Congress 157
Bharatiya Janta Party 32
Independent 27
Samajwadi Party 12
Indian National Congress (I) 11
Janta Party 10
Shiromani Akali Dal 10
Communist Party Of India (MARXIST) 9
Bahujan Samaj Party 9
Pragati Sheel Party 8
All India Trinamool Congress 7
NCJ 5
Telangana Rashtra Samithi 5
Lok Dal 4
Jharkhand Mukti Morcha 4

[05]By-elections per year

Number of by-elections held each year
  1. 1952
    21 by-elections
  2. 1956
    10 by-elections
  3. 1957
    3 by-elections
  4. 1958
    5 by-elections
  5. 1959
    4 by-elections
  6. 1960
    11 by-elections
  7. 1961
    4 by-elections
  8. 1963
    7 by-elections
  9. 1964
    8 by-elections
  10. 1965
    8 by-elections
  11. 1968
    9 by-elections
  12. 1969
    8 by-elections
  13. 1970
    9 by-elections
  14. 1972
    14 by-elections
  15. 1978
    8 by-elections
  16. 1979
    4 by-elections
  17. 1980
    1 by-election
  18. 1981
    8 by-elections
  19. 1982
    9 by-elections
  20. 1985
    38 by-elections
  21. 1986
    2 by-elections
  22. 1987
    6 by-elections
  23. 1988
    7 by-elections
  24. 1992
    15 by-elections
  25. 1993
    4 by-elections
  26. 1994
    4 by-elections
  27. 1995
    5 by-elections
  28. 1996
    1 by-election
  29. 1997
    9 by-elections
  30. 2000
    5 by-elections
  31. 2001
    5 by-elections
  32. 2002
    16 by-elections
  33. 2003
    3 by-elections
  34. 2004
    1 by-election
  35. 2005
    6 by-elections
  36. 2006
    14 by-elections
  37. 2007
    23 by-elections
  38. 2008
    11 by-elections
  39. 2010
    1 by-election
  40. 2011
    5 by-elections
  41. 2012
    5 by-elections
  42. 2013
    7 by-elections
  43. 2015
    3 by-elections
  44. 2016
    5 by-elections
  45. 2017
    3 by-elections
  46. 2018
    13 by-elections
  47. 2020
    1 by-election
  48. 2021
    7 by-elections
  49. 2022
    5 by-elections
  50. 2023
    1 by-election

[06]Computed insights

Arithmetic over the tables above, not commentary

  1. Uttar Pradesh has had the most Lok Sabha by-elections — 58 contests.

    Uttar Pradesh: 58

  2. Indian National Congress has won the most by-elections — 157 of 382 (41%).

    Indian National Congress: 41%

  3. The busiest year was 1985 with 38 by-elections. The average is 7.6 per year.

    Peak: 1985 (38), avg: 7.6/yr

  4. By-elections in the 1950s: 43 contests. In the 2020s: 14 contests.

    1950s: 43 → 2020s: 14
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