Results/Trends Results
ECI results
Analysis · over time

How elections changed

Kerala, 1957–2024. 17 general elections tracked.

Turnout
72.0%
↓ 5.79 pts from previous
Median margin
9.6%
↑ 0.15 pts from previous
Effective parties
4.3
↑ 0.07 from previous
NOTA
0.79%
↑ 0.29 pts from previous
Women elected
5.0%
↓ 5.0 pts from previous

[01]Turnout

Weighted votes ÷ electors, election by election
2024 72.0%20 seats
2019 77.79%20 seats
2014 73.89%20 seats
2009 73.53%20 seats
2004 71.23%20 seats
1999 70.19%20 seats
1998 70.66%20 seats
1996 71.11%20 seats
1991 73.32%20 seats
1989 79.3%20 seats
1984 77.13%20 seats
1980 62.16%20 seats
1977 79.2%20 seats
1971 64.53%19 seats
1967 75.64%19 seats
1962 70.55%18 seats
1957 80.51%16 seats

[02]How close the contests were

Median winning margin, election by election
2024 9.6%20 seats
2019 9.45%20 seats
2014 3.85%20 seats
2009 6.4%20 seats
2004 8.55%20 seats
1999 3.25%20 seats
1998 2.6%20 seats
1996 5.1%20 seats
1991 3.6%20 seats
1989 3.65%20 seats
1984 8.65%20 seats
1980 8.45%20 seats
1977 9.55%20 seats
1971 14.6%19 seats
1967 14.1%19 seats
1962 10.6%18 seats

[03]Ballot crowding

Candidates per seat over time
2024 9.7194 candidates
2019 11.4227 candidates
2014 13.5269 candidates
2009 10.9217 candidates
2004 8.9177 candidates
1999 7.1142 candidates
1998 6.0120 candidates
1996 11.6232 candidates
1991 9.0179 candidates
1989 10.9218 candidates
1984 7.6151 candidates
1980 4.793 candidates
1977 3.263 candidates
1971 3.567 candidates
1967 3.261 candidates
1962 2.850 candidates
1957 3.860 candidates

[04]Party fragmentation

Effective number of parties by vote share
2024 4.36 of 21 won seats
2019 4.35 of 25 won seats
2014 5.57 of 26 won seats
2009 3.74 of 19 won seats
2004 4.47 of 17 won seats
1999 4.05 of 15 won seats
1998 4.66 of 18 won seats
1996 4.78 of 18 won seats
1991 4.75 of 17 won seats
1989 4.15 of 15 won seats
1984 5.36 of 12 won seats
1980 6.17 of 11 won seats
1977 6.25 of 11 won seats
1971 6.17 of 13 won seats
1967 4.66 of 10 won seats
1962 3.75 of 8 won seats
1957 3.44 of 5 won seats

[05]NOTA

None of the above, as a share of votes cast
2024 0.79%1,58,456 votes
2019 0.51%1,03,596 votes
2014 1.17%2,10,561 votes

[06]Deposits lost

Share of candidates polling under a sixth of valid votes
2024 74.23%144 of 194
2019 79.3%180 of 227
2014 84.39%227 of 269
2009 81.57%177 of 217
2004 75.71%134 of 177
1999 71.13%101 of 142
1998 66.67%80 of 120
1996 82.76%192 of 232
1991 77.65%139 of 179
1989 81.65%178 of 218
1984 72.85%110 of 151
1980 56.99%53 of 93
1977 36.51%23 of 63
1971 43.28%29 of 67
1967 29.51%18 of 61
1962 22.0%11 of 50
1957 36.67%22 of 60

[07]Women elected

Share of winners who are women
2019 5.0%20 seats
2014 10.0%20 seats
2004 10.0%20 seats
1999 5.0%20 seats
1998 5.0%20 seats
1991 10.0%20 seats
1989 5.0%20 seats
1980 5.0%20 seats
1971 5.26%19 seats
1967 5.26%19 seats

[08]Incumbent re-election rate

Share of sitting members who won again
2019 57.14%8 of 14 re-elected
2014 83.33%15 of 18 re-elected
2009 22.22%2 of 9 re-elected
2004 66.67%10 of 15 re-elected
1999 72.22%13 of 18 re-elected
1998 68.42%13 of 19 re-elected
1996 50.0%7 of 14 re-elected
1991 83.33%15 of 18 re-elected
1989 75.0%12 of 16 re-elected
1984 50.0%7 of 14 re-elected
1980 61.54%8 of 13 re-elected
1977 81.82%9 of 11 re-elected
1971 58.33%7 of 12 re-elected
1967 62.5%5 of 8 re-elected

[09]Computed insights

Arithmetic over the series above, not commentary
  1. Ballots have grown much more crowded: 3.8 candidates a seat in 1957 against 9.7 in 2024.

    3.8 → 9.7 over 17 elections
  2. Women's share of elected members peaked at 10.0% in 2014; in 2019 it was 5.0%.

    peak 10.0% in 2014
  3. In 2019, 57.14% of sitting members who re-stood were re-elected — below the series average of 63.75%.

    57.14 vs avg 63.75 across 14 elections
  4. NOTA peaked at 1.17% in 2014 — 2,10,561 voters chose none of the above.

    highest NOTA share across 3 elections
  5. The highest deposit-loss rate was 84.39% in 2014: 227 of 269 candidates polled under a sixth of the valid vote.

    peak deposit losses in 2014
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